Definitions of Learning

Modified: 2020-03-27

The classic definition of learning is that learning is a CHANGE in behavior as a result of experience or practice. A newer definition, one with a cognitive orientation is that learning is the acquisition of knowledge. The two definitions are similar, but not equivalent, because knowledge acquisition does not always lead to behavioral change.

Take the following hypothetical example. Everyday I lecture, I walk in to class and I turn off the lights in the room so that I can project my lectures. One day, however, the light switch shocks me. I forget to tell the physical plant to fix it. The next time I lecture, I reach for the switch but stop. Why?

Using the first definition, I would say that the previous day's experience led to a change in my behavior. Using the second definition, I would say that I acquired the knowledge that there was something wrong with the switch, and that I had not yet reported it. So, that knowledge prevents me from touching the switch.

Notice that we can easily use the first definition with both animals and humans because all of the variables are external. However, because we cannot get inside other animals' heads, we can only use the second definition on humans. Notice that I am not saying that animals do not have thoughts. Rather, I am saying that we can only be aware of our own thoughts, and informed of the thoughts that other humans communicate to us. Animals cannot communicate their thoughts to us.

Back to Chapter 6 Lectures